 In each quoin of the Earth, there are approximately over million people to suffer from mosquito borne diseases, even cause harm to the life. To avoid being infected by those diseases from mosquito such like the fearful
West Nile Virus, Malaria, Encephalitis , Dengue Fever.
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Electron micrograph of
West Nile virus |
West Nile Virus is a potentially serious illness. It is considered a seasonal epidemic starting in the summer and continuing through fall when mosquitoes are most prevalent.
West Nile Virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become West Nile Virus carriers when they bite an infected bird. The infected mosquitoes can then spread West Nile Virus to people and other animals.
West Nile Virus has also been spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, breastfeeding and during pregnancy from mother to baby. This is not common, but has occurred in a very small number of cases.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Body ache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Swollen lymph glands
- Skin rash
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Worldwide Distribution of Malaria |
Between 300 and 500 million people are infected by malaria every year in Africa, India, southeast Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, and Central and South America, according to the World Health Organization. Over one million of the people infected with the disease die each year. Currently, there are approximately 1,200 malaria cases reported each year in the U.S. The large percentage of these people were infected overseas. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes, which bite during the night. Up to half a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic anemia due to malaria infections. Symptoms of malaria begin 8 to 12 day after being bit.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Shivering
- Pain in joints
- Repeated vomiting
- Generalized convulsions
- Coma
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St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Transmission Cycle
Arthropod-borne viruses are viruses spread through transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts by blood feeding arthropods (mosquitoes, psychodids, ceratopogonids, and ticks). When the infected anthropod takes a blood meal, vertebrate infection occurs. Arboviruses that cause human encephalitis belong to one of three virus families: Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus), Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae.
Humans and domestic animals can develop clinical illness, but are usually considered "dead-end" hosts as they do not produce a significant amount of viremia and do not contribute to the transmission cycle. The virus may be passed from female hosts to their offspring through her eggs.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Myalgias
- Malaise
- Prostatration
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Worldwide Distribution of
Dengue Fever |
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever are caused by one of four virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide cross-protective immunity, so anyone living in an area considered dengue-endemic, can have as many as four dengue infections in their lifetimes. Dengue is primarily found in areas within the tropics. The viruses that cause it are maintained through a cycle involving both humans and a domestic day-biting mosquito called Aedes aegypti.
There is a small, but significant, risk for dengue outbreaks in the continental US. Two mosquito vectors, Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are present and in specific circumstances, each could potentially transmit dengue viruses. This type of transmission has been detected in south Texas previously, associated with dengue epidemics in northern Mexico.
Symptoms
Infection with dengue viruses produces a spectrum of clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific viral syndrome to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. Important risk factors for DHF include the strain and serotype of the infecting virus, as well as the age, immune status, and genetic predisposition of the patient.
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